Educational Psychology for Teachers of Adults
Readings

Overview

• Brookfield, S. (1995). Adult learning: An overview. In A. Tuinjman (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford, Pergamon Press. Retrieved February 2004 from http://www.fsu.edu/~elps/ae/download/ade5385/Brookfield.pdf
• Catri, D. (1998). Vocational education's image for the 21st century. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. [ED422495] Retrieved March 2003, from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/files/voced.html
• Conner, M. (2004). Andragogy + Pedagogy. Retrieved December 2006, from http://agelesslearner.com/intros/andragogy.html
• Conner, M. (2004). How adults learn. Ageless Learner. Retrieved December 2004, from http://agelesslearner.com/intros/adultlearning.html
• Hensley, D., Maher, P., Passmore, D. (2001). Conversations with long-time adult educators. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Michigan State University, June 1-3. Retrieved March 2002, http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2001/2001hensley.htm
• Hunt, C. (2000). Wyrd questions: Re-framing adult/community education. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/huntc2-web.htm
• Imel, S. (1995). Inclusive adult learning environments (ERIC Digest No. 162). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/files/adltlrnenv.html
• Schugurensky, D. (n.d.) 1970 Malcolm Knowles publishes The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy vs. Pedagogy. In History of education: Selected moments of the 20th century. Toronto, Ontario, CA:  Retrieved March 2002, from http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/1970knowles.html
• Smith. M. C. (1998). Adult educational psychology: The interface between adult learning, development, and education. Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.cedu.niu.edu/~smith/Unpubs/Adult_ed_psyc.doc
• Smith, M. (2005). Adult education. The encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.infed.org/lifelonglearning/b-adedgn.htm

Research Methods

• Armstrong, P. (1998). Stories adult learners tell …Recent research on how and why adults learn. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98armstrong.htm
• Brew, A. (1998). Qualitatively different conceptions of research: Implications for adult education research. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98brew.htm
• Brooks, A., & Clark, C. (2001). Narrative dimensions of transformative learning. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Michigan State University, June 1-3. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2001/2001brooks.htm
• Caffarella, R., & Merriam, S. (1999). Perspectives on adult learning: Framing our research. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Northern Illinois University, May 21-23. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1999/99caffarella.htm
• McIntyre, J., & Solomon, N. (2000). Questioning research as a contextual practice. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/mcintyrej&solomonn-web.htm
• Renner, P. (2001). Evocative narrative as educational research. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Michigan State University, June 1-3. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2001/2001renner.htm

Needs and Desired Outcomes of Adult Learners

• Brown, B. (1998). Learning styles and vocational education practice. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docs/pab00007.pdf
• Conti, G., & Kolody, R. (1999). The relationship of learning strategy preference and personality type. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Northern Illinois University, May 21-23. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1999/99conti.htm
• Council for Adult and Experiential Learning. (2000). Serving adult learners in higher education: Principles of effectiveness (Executive summary). Chicago, IL: Author. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.cael.org/pdf/publication_pdf/Summary%20of%20Alfi%20Principles%20of%20Effectiveness.pdf
• Duchesne, R. (1997). Critical thinking, developmental learning, and adaptive flexibility in organizational leaders. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma,May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97duchesne.htm
• Imel, S. (1995). Teaching adults: Is it different? (Myths and realities). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved February 2004, from http://www.calpro-online.org/ERIC/docgen.asp?tbl=archive&ID=A030
• Imel, S. (1999). How emancipatory is adult learning? (Myths and realities No. 6). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=mr&ID=92
• Parent, E. (2000). Application of a living systems perspective on human experience: An educational model for life planning and change. San Diego: University of California, San Diego. Retrieved March 2002, from http://weber.ucsd.edu/%7Eeparent/part2/paper2.html
• Smith, J. M. (n.d.). Adult learning styles. About: Adult/Continuing Education. Retrieved December 2006, from http://adulted.about.com/cs/learningtheory/a/lrng_patterns.htm
• Taylor, R. (1997). Innovation as knowledge and learning. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma, May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97taylor2.htm

Developmental Issues

• Brown, B. (2001). Women and minorities in high-tech careers (Digest #226). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=digests&ID=113
• Daley, B. (1998). Novice to expert: How do professionals learn? Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98daley.htm
• Imel, S. (1998). Transformative learning in adulthood. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. [ED423426] Retrieved February 2004, from http://www.calpro-online.org/ERIC/docgen.asp?tbl=digests&ID=53
• Imel, S. (2000). Change: Connections to adult learning and education (Digest #221). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved February 2004 from http://www.calpro-online.org/ERIC/docgen.asp?tbl=digests&ID=106
• Imel, S. (2001). Adult development (Trends and Issues Alert No. 22). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=tia&ID=144
• Kerka, S. (2000a). Parenting and career development (Digest #214). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=digests&ID=100
• Rubenson, K. (1998). Adults’ readiness to learn: Questioning lifelong learning for all. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98rubenson.htm
• Withnall, A. (2000). Older learners: Issues and perspectives. Working Paper of the Global Colloquium on Supporting Lifelong Learning [online], Milton Keynes, UK: Open University. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.open.ac.uk/lifelong-learning/papers/392BB376-000D-5D44-0000015700000157_Paper-AWithnallupdated.doc

Learning Theory: Overview

• Chapman, V. (1998). Adult education and the body: Changing performances of teaching and learning. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98chapman.htm
• Imel, S. (1995). Inclusive adult learning environments (Digest #162). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.calpro-online.com/ERIC/docgen.asp?tbl=archive&ID=A009
• Imel, S. (1999). New views of adult learning (Trends and Issues Alert No. 5). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.cete.org/acve/docs/tia00073.pdf
• Learnativity. (2002). A primer on educational psychology. Retrieved April 2002, from http://www.learnativity.com/edpsych.html
• Lieb, S. (n.d.). Principles of adult learning. Phoenix: Department of Health Services. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/adults-2.htm
• Mezirow, J. (1999). Transformation theory-Postmodern issues. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Northern Illinois University, May 21-23. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1999/99mezirow.htm
• Russell, S. (2006). An overview of adult learning processes. WebMD. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/547417_1
• Smout, I. (2001). Learning and adult education (Chapter 2). In Information design and distance learning for international development. Master's Thesis at Loughbourgh Univeristy, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. Retrieved May 2002, from http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv/wedc/publications/iddlid/02-learning-and-education.pdf
• Spurgeon, L., & Moore, G. (1997). The educational philosophies of training and development professors, leaders, and practioners. The Journal of Technology Studies, XXIII(2), 11-19.. Retrieved December 2002, from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JOTS/Summer-Fall-1997/PDF/3-Spurgeon.pdf

Learning Theory: Behavioral Theory

• Burton, J., Moore, D. M., & Magliaro, S. (2001). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In D. Jonasson (Ed.), The Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology. Bloomington, IN: The Association of Communications and Technology. Retrieved April 2002, from http://www.aect.org/Intranet/Publications/edtech/02/index.html
• Grant , L. (1996). Positive reinforcement: A self-instructional exercise. Athabasca, Alberta, Canada: Athabasca University.
• Tucker-Ladd, C. (1996). Introduction to learning (Chapter 4). In Psychological self-help. Springfield, IL: Mental Health Net. Retrieved May 2002, from http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap4/chap4b.htm#a

Learning Theory: Cognitive Theory

• Accelerated learning network. (n.d.). Exploring the theory of Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.acceleratedlearningnetwork.com/multiple.htm
• Aronson, D. (1996). Walking the "mindfield": How systemic thinking helps avoid common fallacies in thinking and action. Thinking Page. Retrieved April 2002, from http://www.thinking.net/Cognition/cognition.html#MindfieldBeginning
• Brookfield, S. (2000). Adult cognition as a dimension of lifelong learning. In J. Field & M. Leiceister (Eds.), Lifelong learning: Education across the lifespan. Philadelphia: Falmer Press. Retrieved March 2002, http://www.open.ac.uk/lifelong-learning/papers/393CD0DF-000B-67DB-0000015700000157_StephenBrookfieldpaper.doc
• Daley, (1997). Creating mosaics: The interrelationships between knowledge and context. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma,May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97daley.htm
• Kasworm, C. (1999). Adult meaning making in the undergraduate classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Northern Illinois University, May 21-23. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1999/99kasworm.htm
• Kerka, S. (2000b). Multiple intelligences and adult education (Trends and Issues Alert No. 17). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=tia&ID=139
• Kritskaya, O., & Dirkx, J. (2000). Mediating meaning-making: The process of symbolic action in transformative pedagogy. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/kritskayao&dirkxj-web.htm
• Taylor, E. (1997). Implicit memory and transformative learning theory: Unconscious cognition. Vancouver, Canada: 38th Annual Proceedings of Adult Education Research Conference. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97taylor1.htm
• Yang, B. (1998). Examining the dynamic relationships among three facets of knowledge: A holistic view. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, San Antonio, May 13-15. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1998/98yang.htm

Learning Theory: Humanistic Theory

• Cooper, M. K. (1997). The politics of humanism: Defining educational philosophy and it's role in adult educational practice. Paper presented at the Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing and Community Education Michigan State University, October 15-17. Retrieved December 2007, from http://www.iupui.edu/~adulted/mwr2p/prior/cooper.htm
• Hiemstra, R., & Brockett, R. (1994). From behaviorism to humanism: Incorporating self-direction in learning concepts into the instructional design process. In H. B. Long & Associates, New ideas about self-directed learning. Norman, OK: Oklahoma Research Center for Continuing Professional and Higher Education, University of Oklahoma. Retrieved December 2006, from http://home.twcny.rr.com/hiemstra/sdlhuman.html
• Pearson, E., & Podeschi, R. (1997). Humanism and individualism: Maslow and his critics. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma,May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97pearson.htm

Learning Theory: Social Cognitive Theory

• Imel, S. (2000). Contextual learning in adult education. (Practice Application Brief No. 12). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docs/pab00021.pdf
• Marsick, V., & Kasl, E. (1997). Factors that affect the epistemology of group learning: A research-based analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma, May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97marsick.htm
• Stein, D. (1998). Situated learning in adult education (Digest #195). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-3/adult-education.html

Adult Learning: Motivation

• Huitt, W. (2001). Motivation to learn: An overview. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date], from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html
• Semmar, Y. (2006). Adult learners and academic achievement: The roles of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and motivation. Doha, Qatar: University of Qatar. Retrieved November 2006, from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/32/a3/45.pdf

Instructional Methods

• Baptiste, I., Lalley, K., Milacci, F. & Mushi, H. (2001). Anatomy of adults' learning experiences: A phenomenological inquiry. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Michigan State University, June 1-3. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2001/2001baptiste.htm
• Conti, G., Kolody, R., & Schneider, B. (1997). Learning strategies in the corporate setting. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma, May 16-18. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97conti.htm
• DeMartino, D. (1999). Employing adult education principles in instructional design. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Society for Informational Technology Conference, San Antonio, TX, February 28-March 4. Retrieved December 2002, from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/11/98/18.pdf
• Imel, S. (1998). Teaching critical reflection (Trends and Issues Alert). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse: Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved March 2002, from http://ericacve.org/docgen.asp?tbl=tia&ID=125
• Fenwick, T., & Hutton, S. (2000). Women crafting new work: The learning of women entrepreneurs. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/fenwickthuttons1-web.htm
• Hawke, G. (2000). Factors influencing active learning in small enterprises. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/hawke1-web.htm
• Nesbit, T. (2000). Cultures of teaching. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/nesbitt-web.htm
• Norman, R. (2000). Cultivating imagination in adult education. Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/normanr-web.htm
• Pratt, D., & Collins, J. (2000). The Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI). Paper presented at the Annual Adult Education and Research Conference, University of British Columbia, June 2-4. Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/2000/prattd&collinsj-web.htm
• Shields, R., Aaron, D., & Wall, S. (2002). What is Kolb's model of experiential education and where does it come from? In D. Schugurensky, Questions and answers on adult education. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.wier.ca/~%20daniel_schugurensky/faqs/qa8.html
• Zemke, R., & Zemke, S. (1984). 30 things we know for sure about adult learning. Innovation Abstracts, 6(8). Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/adults-3.htm