Chapter 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement

In Sternberg's study of the characteristics of academic intelligence, laypeople stressed the "interpersonal and social aspects," whereas experts stressed:
1. reading abilities
2. memory
3. motivation
4. cognitive skills
Neisser argued that intelligence ________.
1. does not exist
2. has sharp boundaries
3. cannot be measured
4. cannot be explicitly defined
Galton's conception of intelligence focused on ________.
1. sensory abilities
2. environmental factors
3. behavioral assets and deficits
4. all of the above
The ________ test launched the testing movement in the United States.
1. Stanford-Binet
2. Sternberg-Terman
3. Army-Navy
4. Wechsler-Bellevue
Which two researchers included personality in their conception of intelligence?
1. Galton and Binet
2. Wechsler and Galton
3. Wechsler and Binet
4. Piaget and Wechsler
On which statement would Binet, Wechsler, and Piaget agree?
1. heredity, not environment, determines the development of intelligence
2. environment, not heredity, influences the development of intelligence
3. heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, although a person has unlimited genetic potential
4. heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, but a person may not exceed his or her genetic potential
According to Piaget, a form of cognitive structure or organization is referred to as:
1. a set
2. a construct
3. a pattern
4. a schema
Factor-analytic theories of intelligence tend to fall into which two camps?
1. Galtonian and neo-Galtonian
2. specific and nonspecific
3. primary and secondary
4. unifactor and multifactor
Which researcher hypothesized that the proportion of the variance that a number of tests have in common accounts for a general factor of intelligence?
1. Pearson
2. Piaget
3. Spearman
4. Galton
Crystallized intelligence includes ________.
1. application of general knowledge
2. nonverbal abilities
3. sensory abilities
4. all of the above
Spearman's "g" factor refers to ________.
1. what different intelligence tests have in common
2. the specific factors assessed by different intelligence tests
3. the fact that Galton was Spearman's inspiration
4. a recently discovered erogenous zone
Measuring intelligence in infancy entails the direct assessment of _______.
1. developmental history
2. verbal development
3. physical development
4. sensorimotor skills
A school psychologist assesses your child's intelligence and explains that your child's cognitive ability to you in terms of the manner in which she processes information and solves problems. This school psychologist is employing which theory of intelligence?
1. Galton's sensory ability
2. multiple-factor-analytic
3. information-processing
4. Wechsler's verbal/performance
In comparison with traditional intelligence tests, research has demonstrated that PASS-based intelligence tests ________.
1. are more useful in diagnosing learning disabilities
2. are not as useful in diagnosing learning disabilities
3. are not as useful in assessing problem-solving strategies
4. are not as reliable or valid
Interactionists would agree with which statement regarding the relative contribution of learning and heredity to intellectual development?
1. 50% is inherited and 50% is learned
2. 20% is inherited and 80% is learned
3. 80% is inherited and 20% is learned
4. Part is inherited and part is learned, but how much each contributes to intellectual development is debatable
Bentley, an 8-year-old, excels in art and music, but has average intellectual ability. Based on the definition of giftedness as outlined in Public Law 95-561, which statement is true?
1. he would not be considered gifted, because intellectual ability is the most important determinant of giftedness
2. he would not be considered to be gifted, because his intellectual ability must be in the superior range
3. he would be considered gifted, because of his exceptional visual and performing arts abilities
4. he would not be considered gifted because he must also have a superior IQ
Related to the issue of culture and bias in IQ tests, which of the following is true?
1. contemporary IQ tests are biased against cultural minorities
2. contemporary IQ tests are relatively free of bias
3. researchers have addressed the issue and have been successful in developing tests that are bias-free
4. the issue will be addressed and hopefully resolved at the Symposium scheduled for 2021
A person's IQ test score may be influenced by ________.
1. the person's temperament
2. the IQ test given
3. the type of discipline used in the home
4. all of the above
The authors of "The Bell Curve" would support which program?
1. public welfare
2. Head Start
3. affirmative action
4. none of the above
A current trend in defining intelligence includes which of the following?
1. a move back to "g" or general mental ability
2. a move toward more physiologically related definitions of intelligence
3. a move toward more context dependent types of abilities
4. all of the above
Based on longitudinal research with veterans of World War II, what represents the most important determinant of cognitive ability as an older adult?
1. cognitive ability as a preschooler
2. cognitive ability as an elementary-school child
3. cognitive ability as a middle-school child
4. cognitive ability as a young adult
Which of the following abilities tend to decline in individuals in old age?
1. vocabulary
2. verbal reasoning
3. delayed free recall of new material
4. all of the above
According to current research, at approximately what age do cognitive abilities in individuals typically begin to decline?
1. 45
2. 55
3. 65
4. 75
Which is true of the CRUST?
1. it is a valid measure of intelligence for those in middle- to high-income groups
2. it was developed as a tongue-in-cheek intelligence test for the culturally advantaged
3. it can be used with members of minority groups as well as the majority group
4. it was originally devised as a culture-free intelligence test for recent immigrants from Haiti
A stability coefficient is used to express ________.
1. IQ in standard score units
2. the relative standing of examinees on stability measures
3. the degree of consistency between measurements
4. none of the above

Chapter 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement

Choose the correct answer for each question.