Chapter 3: Ethical Research

Which of the following constitutes deception?
1. the experimenter disguises the true purpose of a laboratory experiment
2. the experimenter conceals the purpose of the observation
3. an observer conceals his or her identity
4. an observer conceals his or her presence
5. all of the above
One problem with the use of informed consent is:
1. participant response bias from increased perceptions of control
2. sample bias due to differences between participants and refusers
3. that knowledge of the research will alter participants' behavior
4. all of the above
Which of the following is not a procedural option to deception?
1. role-playing
2. simulation studies
3. psychodrama
4. honest experiments
Under what circumstances is a researcher absolutely obligated to fully disclose all the particulars about the study? Full disclosure must be made:
1. under all circumstances
2. whenever there are major risks of participation
3. whenever there is potential for psychological stress
4. under circumstances of biased participant selection
Deception can be a problem:
1. in all behavioral research
2. only in laboratory research
3. for creating demand characteristics
4. none of the above
In studies that involve concealed observation, researchers suggest that the use of ________ keeps ethical problems to a minimum.
1. pilot studies
2. discussions with potential participants
3. role-playing
4. all of the above
Deception has been most problematic in which of the following areas of psychology?
1. developmental psychology
2. social psychology
3. learning and memory
4. clinical psychology
Compared to research conducted in the 1960s, research today is ________ problematic with regard to deception, because ________.
1. more; we use more concealed and more invasive measures
2. more; college students of today are usually required to be participants
3. less; researchers are more sensitive to ethical issues than they were before
4. less; researchers have become more interested in emotions than cognitive variables
A researcher's results should be considered fraudulent if:
1. you disagree with someone's results on philosophical, political, or religious grounds
2. you cannot replicate the results of someone's study
3. the data are changed in order to support the hypotheses
4. all of the above
What precautions can a scientist take to be protected against charges of fraud?
1. only publish results that are significant at the .001 level of significance
2. never work alone
3. keep careful, documented records of the research
4. all of the above
One genuine case of fraud appears to be:
1. the "controlled drinking" study by Sobell and Sobell
2. Milgram's study on obedience to authority
3. the "twin" studies by Sir Cyril Burt
4. none of the above
What single factor is probably most responsible for keeping scientific fraud to a minimum?
1. scientists are known to be highly moral individuals who are driven to high standards of honest
2. scientific method relies on replication of findings from many different laboratories
3. all published data must be registered at a central database and statistically analyzed to compute a Fraud Factor
4. all of the above
According to the most current APA ethical guidelines, primary responsibility for ensuring that participants are ethically treated lies with:
1. the investigator
2. whomever is actually running the participants
3. the IRB
4. the APA
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews your research to make sure that it:
1. uses internally valid procedures
2. does not use deception
3. adheres to established ethical guidelines
4. all of the above
A proposal submitted to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) should include a:
1. draft of your informed consent form
2. statement of the potential risk to participants
3. statement of the general procedures you will be using to run participants
4. all of the above

Chapter 3: Ethical Research

Choose the best answer for each question.