Chapter 13: Statistical Inference

________ statistics are used to summarize data, whereas ________ statistics are used to evaluate the reliability of data.
1. Inferential; noninferential
2. Parametric; nonparametric
3. Inferential; descriptive
4. Descriptive; inferential
The number of scores that are free to vary in a sample of a known size is called the:
1. standard error of the mean
2. degrees of variability
3. degrees of freedom
4. central tendency of the distribution
The hypothesis stating that sample means drawn from the same population is the ________ hypothesis.
1. alternative
2. equivalence
3. sampling error
4. null
A statistical test led Dr. Jones to incorrectly decide that his independent variable had no effect when in fact it did. Dr. Jones committed a(n):
1. Type I error
2. Type II error
3. Type III error
4. Type IV error
Dr. Parramore incorrectly investigates and, subsequently, describes an interaction. He has committed a(n):
1. Type I error
2. Type II error
3. Type III error
4. Type IV error
At a given significance level, a one-tailed test:
1. is less likely to detect real differences between means than is a two-tailed test
2. has a higher critical value than does a two-tailed test
3. is more likely to detect real differences between means than is a two-tailed test
4. is less accurate than a two-tailed test
A two-tailed test should be used:
1. unless there is a compelling a priori reason not to use one
2. if you are sure that the differences between your means is sufficiently large to ensure statistical significance
3. when you are interested in controlling Type II errors
4. none of the above
For an analysis of variance, variability is partitioned into two sources. These are:
1. experimental error and participant error
2. random variability and systematic variability
3. between-groups variability and within-groups variability
4. experimental variability and control variability
The probability that an observed difference between means is due to chance refers to ________ significance.
1. practical
2. internal
3. statistical
4. external
The power of a statistical test is a statistic's ability to:
1. correct for flaws in your data
2. detect differences between means
3. withstand violations of assumptions
4. none of the above
By convention, an alpha level of ________ has been established at the minimum criterion for statistical significance.
1. .5
2. .1
3. .01
4. .05
A statistical finding at p < ________ is more significant than one at p < .01.
1. .0001
2. .001
3. both a and b
4. none of the above
Structural models:
1. are developed after the data are analyzed and interpreted
2. are expected patterns of relationships among a set of variables
3. can be used only to explain results of laboratory experiments
4. can be used only to explain the results of field experiments
Multiple correlation utilizes many ________ variables and one ________ variable.
1. interval; ratio
2. ratio; interval
3. predictor; criterion
4. criterion; predictor
A regression equation is used to:
1. determine the strength of the relationship between X and Y
2. determine the causal relationship between X and Y
3. predict a score on Y from a known score on X
4. predict the difference between scores on X from the scores on Y

Chapter 13: Statistical Inference

Choose the best answer for each question.