Social Influence Quiz

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1 Your romantic partner forgot your birthday. She/he claims that work has been so busy that the big event just slipped her/his mind. You suspect that your partner was simply being lazy and irresponsible. You are making a _______ attribution for this unforgivable behavior; your partner is making a ________ attribution.
situational; situational
personal; situational
personal; personal
situational; personal
2 According to Kelley's model of attribution theory, people seek different types of information when explaining the behavior of others, including ________ information.
consensus
consistency
distinctiveness
all of the above
3 When consensus and distinctiveness are ________ and consistency is ________, people tend to make stimulus or situational attributions.
high; low
low; high
high; high
low; low
4 The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overattribute a person's behavior to ________ causes and to underestimate the importance of ________ causes.
personal; situational
internal; personal
stimulus; situational
distinctive; consistent
5 During a research meeting, a professor praises a student at great length. Which of the following conclusions that you might draw illustrates the fundamental attribution error?
"The professor behaved that way, because she truly appreciates her students"
"The professor behaved that way, because the student sucked up to her"
"The professor behaved that way, because the student deserved praise"
"The professor behaved that way, because other professors told her to be nice to students"
6 A ________ effect occurs when early information about a person has a stronger impact on perceivers' impressions than later information.
recency
primacy
situational
dispositional
7 Nicole sees the same dog every day on her way to school. Although she initially paid little attention to the dog, she finds that she misses seeing the dog when the owners move away. Nicole's feelings for the dog reflect the ________.
bias for beauty
fundamental attribution error
mere exposure effect
interpersonal attraction effect
8 According to Byrne and his colleagues, when we meet someone for the first time we focus on ________, and then later we take into account ________.
similarity; similarity
similarity; dissimilarity
dissimilarity; similarity
dissimilarity; dissimilarity
9 One explanation that has been proposed to explain the preference for physically attractive people is:
it is rewarding to be in the company of beautiful others
we associate beauty with other desirable qualities
beautiful others also tend to be intelligent and well-adjusted
A and B
all of the above
10 Billy Bob usually does not drink. However, when he is at a campus party, he notices that all of his friends seem to be drinking. As a result, Billy Bob begins to drink. His behavior illustrates ________.
conformity
pressure
dissonance
obedience
11 People sometimes conform to normative social influence, because ________.
they believe that others have information that they themselves lack
they fear the social rejection that might follow nonconforming behavior
they are high self-monitors
they are immoral
12 People sometimes conform to informational social influence, because ________.
past experience has shown them that their own views are inaccurate
past experience has shown them that nonconformity will be punished by other group members
they believe that they can sway the opinions of group members later
none of the above
13 Which one of the following statements best describes the significance of the Milgram obedience experiments?
most people enjoy harming others
social forces can strongly influence human behavior
society is to blame for all criminal behavior
only deviant or psychotic people aggress against others
14 Ed is watching a commercial on television for a diet soda. He sees handsome men and beautiful women drinking the soda and having a fun time together. Ed decides to buy some of that diet soda the next time he goes shopping. Ed has been persuaded via the ________ route.
central
attitude
peripheral
dissonance
15 When shopping for toothpaste, Gwen sees a printed advertisement featuring Dr. Knowsalot, an expert in the area of dental hygiene. Gwen will be most persuaded by the message if she thinks that Dr. Knowsalot ________.
has ulterior motives for giving this message
is trustworthy
is being deceptive
received a nice, fat fee for doing this advertisement
16 Strong fear appeals are most effective when ________.
they create extreme distress in the audience
they create no distress in the audience
they are accompanied by perecise recommendations for actions to avoid the danger
they are accompanied by additional fear-producing arguments and graphic images
17 A company has created an image-oriented clothing commercial featuring attractive people wearing expensive, designer clothing. Which person will be most persuaded by this commercial?
Mark, a high self-monitor
Stacey, a low self-monitor
Richard, who has a high need for cognition
B and C
18 Cognitive dissonance is a state of ________.
physical illness
mental disorder
psychological tension
brain activity
19 The decrease in individual effort that occurs when people engage in shared group activity is called ________.
deindividuation
social facilitation
laziness
social loafing
20 John is walking to work one day when he sees an elderly man stumble and fall to the ground. There are many other people present, but no one stops to help including John. John's behavior may reflect ________.
prosocial behavior
aggression
diffusion of responsibility
egocentricity
21 Which of the following is an attitude?
discrimination
prejudice
groupthink
evaluation apprehension
22 The case of Kitty Genovese illustrates:
cognitive dissonance theory
group decision making
the bystander effect
the principle of social loafing
23 Which light did Milgram's experiment shed on the behavior of citizens in Nazi Germany?
situational forces can bring about blind obedience
personal traits of individuals are most important in determining behavior
cultural factors unique to Germany account for the rise of the Nazis
human beings enjoy being cruel when they have the opportunity
24 The foot-in-the-door technique is characterized by:
asking a small request followed by a larger request
asking a large request followed by a smaller request
giving a compliment followed by asking a small request
making a person feel sorry for you followed by making a moderate request
25 You are the last person to make an election speech. Because the audience will vote immediately after your speech, you have an advantage over the other candidates due to the:
primacy effect
recency effect
social position effect
actor-observer effect
26 Moe has a minor car accident about which he is telling Barney. Which of the following comments by Barney would be considered a situational attribution?
"That road is so dangerous"
"It's just like you to be so careless"
"That will send your insurance rates skyrocketing"
"Why weren't you paying attention?"
27 Ray recently did quite well on a math quiz on which practically everyone else did poorly. Which statement of Ray's is an example of the self-serving bias?
"I was just lucky that I happened to study the right thing"
"Our professor gives fair tests"
"I did well, because I am smart"
"I probably won't do as well next time"
28 Imagine you are a psychologist studying conformity. If you wanted a group size that created the maximum probability of conformity, then how many people would you put in each group?
4
6
8
11
29 If a lone individual throws a rock through a window, then he feels 100% responsible. If he is a member of a group of 100, then he feels only 1% responsible. This is an example of the ________ of responsibility.
diffusion
dilution
dedication
division
30 Bill was watching the evening news when he saw a report about houses in California destroyed by an earthquake. Bill thought to himself, "Serves them right for building a home in the earthquake capital of the world." This statement best describes the:
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
belief in a just world hypothesis
defensive attribution
31 The "risky shift" refers to the finding that:
attitudes become polarized during a group discussion
people undergo deindividuation when they are members of a mob
people behave recklessly when ordered about by an authority figure
group decisions are often riskier than individual decisions
32 All of the following appear to lead to deindividuation, with the exception of:
a low level of arousal
anonymity
diffusion of responsibility
focusing of individual attention on the group process
33 The bus to work is driven by the same driver every day. Although the two of you have not said more than "hello," you begin to feel he is a friend. This is caused by:
selective exposure
repeated avoidance
selective avoidance
repeated exposure
34 The belief that all Jews are cheap is an example of ________. Refusing to allow Jews to eat at your restaurant illustrates ________.
discrimination; stereotyping
low-balling; door-in-the-face
prejudice; discrimination
Pygmalion effect; stereotyping
35 Some states have banned the Ku Klux Klan from wearing face-covering hoods. This is partly based on research showing that ________ increases the groups' aggressive behavior.
deindividuation
altruism
high self-esteem
attractiveness