CNS, PNS – somatic (voluntary) vs. autonomic (involuntary), sympathetic vs. parasympathetic
Afferent (sensory), efferent (motor), interneurons
Dendrites, soma (cell body), axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal, glial cells
Electrochemical
Resting potential (-70 mV), action potential (Na+, +40 mV, permeability, 1-2 milliseconds)
All or none law (number of neurons firing or frequency of firing), refractory period, 1 direction
Synapse (synaptic clefts), synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitters - lock and key (receptors), excitatory or inhibitory, reuptake
Achetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, endorphins, epinephrine, glutamate, GABA
Spinal cord
Hindbrain – medulla, reticular activating system (reticular formation), cerebellum, pons
Midbrain – thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus), substantia nigra
Cerebrum – corpus callosum, cerebral cortex (gray matter), white matter, convolutions, sensory, motor, association areas
Frontal – motor cortex, Broca’s area (Broca’s aphasia)
Temporal – auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area (Wernicke’s aphasia)
Occipital
Parietal – somatosensory cortex
Lateralization – contralateral, differences between right (visual-spatial, unilateral neglect, emotion) and left (language) hemisphere, as it relates to handedness
EEG, microelectrode, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, fMRI, SQUID, MEG
Brain across the lifespan - synaptogenesis, mylination, hemispheric specialization, plasticity, aging (stroke)