Study Questions for Test 3 – Make sure that you draw all graphs and diagrams. Ch. 10, 11, 12, 13

1.       What are the characteristics of the inner and outer hair cells? How are they similar to the receptors of the eye?

2.       What is the efferent pathway for and how is it related to otoacoustic emissions? Describe an auditory tuning curve (include what happens as increase loudness). What is the motile response and how does this influence tuning curves?

3.       Discuss place (tuning curves) and frequency (volley principle and phase locking) theory. How can they both be correct?

4.       How is loudness calculated? What and where (on the body) is resonance? How does it affect loudness? How is pitch related to loudness in terms of the equal loudness contour (draw graph)?

5.       How are we able to localize sound binaurally? Describe in detail.

6.       How are we able to localize sound using monaural (spectral cues) and other factors (sound level, frequency, movement parallax, reflection, Doppler shift, precedence effect)?

7.       What is the pathway for sound comprehension and localization in the brain? Make sure you indicate what each section does (afferent). Describe the different types of neurons that you encounter as you go up the pathway (also see end of Ch, 10, 385-387)

8.       Explain how surround sound works. Also explain how architectural acoustics and related factors influence how music sounds in concert halls.

9.       What is a phoneme? How are consonants and vowels produced (in detail)? Give examples.

10.   Draw a spectrogram and label and define ALL of the parts. What are the first and second formats related to?

11.   What is the motor theory of speech perception and the data for this? What is the data that suggests speech is special? What is the theory against this model (what do they think speech is)? How do they use music to support their theories?

12.   How do we use higher order processing (cognitive dimensions of speech perception or top down processing) in order to understand speech? Give examples.

13.   Draw a picture of the skin and label its parts. What are the 4 encapsulated endings for touch and how do they work (what do they respond to, etc.)?

14.   What are the 2 pathways to the brain for the cutaneous senses and how do they differ? How do our absolute and difference thresholds change over the skin and why might you see these differences (at skin and brain level and passive vs. active touch)? NOTE: In this question, you do not need to go into the kinethesis receptors to answer the passive/active touch part of the question.